As a notification to the US Congress, the State Department has made a determination approving a possible foreign military sale of F-16 case for sustainment and related equipment for an estimated cost of USD 450 million, arguing that this will sustain Islamabad’s capability to meet current and future counterterrorism threats by maintaining its F-16 fleet.

The Defense Security Cooperation Agency delivered the required certification notifying Congress of this possible sale on 7 September.

First major security assistance to Pakistan after Trump ceased it in 2018

This is the first major security assistance to Pakistan after Trump in 2018 had announced to stop all defense and security assistance to Pakistan alleging that Islamabad was not a partner in its fight against terrorism.

 “The United States Government has notified Congress of a proposed Foreign Military Sales case to sustain the Pakistan Air Force’s F-16 programme. Pakistan is an important counterterrorism partner, and as part of longstanding policy, the United States provides life cycle maintenance and sustainment packages for US-origin platforms,” a State Department spokesperson said.

 “Pakistan’s F-16 programme is an important part of the broader United States-Pakistan bilateral relationship. The proposed sale will sustain Pakistan’s capability to meet current and future counterterrorism threats by maintaining its F-16 fleet. The F-16 fleet allows Pakistan to support counterterrorism operations and we expect Pakistan to take sustained action against all terrorist groups,” the spokesperson further said in response to a question.

According to the Congressional notification, the proposed sale does not include any new capabilities, weapons, or munitions.

It said that Pakistan has requested to consolidate prior F-16 sustainment and support cases to support the Pakistan Air Force F-16 fleet by reducing duplicate case activities and adding additional continued support elements.

The USD 450 million foreign military sale to Pakistan participation in F-16 Aircraft Structural Integrity Programme, electronic combat international security assistance programme, international engine management programme, engine component improvement programme, and other technical coordination groups; aircraft and engine hardware and software modifications and support and aircraft and engine spare repair/return parts.

 ‘Partner forces in ongoing counterterrorism efforts’

The Pentagon said this proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by allowing Pakistan to retain interoperability with US and partner forces in ongoing counterterrorism efforts and in preparation for future contingency operations.

 “The proposed sale will continue the sustainment of Pakistan’s F-16 fleet, which greatly improves Pakistan’s ability to support counterterrorism operations through its robust air-to-ground capability. Pakistan will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces,” it said.

According to the Congressional notification, the proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.

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During the short meeting, held ‘virtually,’ as the defence minister was down with Covid, the issue of procurement under Buy (Global) category came up for discussion during the DAC meeting. It was decided to firmly push indigenisation or as the government said, Atmanirbharata. The Army’s plan to buy Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missiles (QR SAM) has been turned from a Buy Global to a Buy Indian order. This means that only Indian firms will be able to supply the three regiments of QR SAMs to the Army’s air-defence system.

A similar decision has been taken for the Articulated All Terrain Vehicles which can be used in high-altitude areas. All 18 of them will be purchased from Indian vendors. This was initially a Buy Global case. The decision about light machine guns for the Army followed a similar pattern. This will also be Buy and Make Indian.

Under the Buy (Global) category, procurement is done directly from the foreign Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). The decision taken will not impact deals already inked under the Buy (Global) route, those being pursued under the government-to-government route and the Foreign Military sales (FMS) route with the US.

Foreign OEMs are now welcome to tie up with Indian firms or set up their own factories to not only supply the Indian military but also for other countries.

The defence services were earlier asked to prepare a list of procurement plans from abroad that could be replaced by indigenous items. Accordingly, each service — Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard — had come forward with a list of such items.

The items in Question

One mega deal in this list was the procurement of 14 twin-engine helicopters, for which French firm Airbus was the prime contender. A decision has been taken to shelve this project in favour of the naval utility helicopter (NUH) of the state-run Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). However, it was not immediately clear what happened to the $3 billion project of the Navy to procure 111 new helicopters of the same class (that is, NUHs).

The Army will now go in for indigenous ATVs that will come handy in both the desert and mountains.

A project to acquire short range missiles from abroad has also been shelved in favour of the Make in India route.

Push for Make in India

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh have been emphasising on indigenous defence products. These issues came up for discussion multiple times and the forces were also amenable to this, since alternate items were already available domestically and foreign companies were willing to set up facilities in the country.

Singh, in his talks with his Russian counterpart Sergei Shoigu, made it clear that the way forward was Make in India. Similarly, during his meeting with French Defence Minister Florence Parly, Singh had called on French firms to “either collaborate with Indian companies or simply produce in India”.

This initiative from the government comes at a time when the Centre is coming up with the new Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy which will lay down the way ahead for strengthening defence production within the country and help in their export to friendly foreign countries.

The initiative came after Prime Minister Modi took a review meeting with the Defence Ministry officials including the then Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat where it was felt that strong measures will have to be taken to ensure that country moves firmly towards Aatmanirbhar Bharat in the defence sector. After the meeting took place, an Additional Secretary-rank officer of the Defence Ministry wrote a note to the three Services saying that “All stakeholders may take an in-principle call that no import of defence items is going forward.”

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During the short meeting, held ‘virtually,’ as the defence minister was down with Covid, the issue of procurement under Buy (Global) category came up for discussion during the DAC meeting. It was decided to firmly push indigenisation or as the government said, Atmanirbharata. The Army plan to buy QR SAMs or Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missiles has been turned from a Buy Global to a Buy Indian order. This means that only Indian firms will be able to supply the three regiments of QR SAMs to the Army’s air-defence system.

A similar decision has been taken for the Articulated All Terrain Vehicles which can be used in high-altitude areas. All 18 of them will be purchased from Indian vendors. This was initially a Buy Global case. The decision about light machine guns for the Army followed a similar pattern. This will also be Buy and Make Indian.

There are, of course, weaponry that are urgently needed and cannot be immediately made in India like tank engines, gun-missile systems, high-quality rifles, not to speak of fighter planes like the Rafale. These issues will again come up for discussion in the next DAC meetings on January 20 and 21.

Under the Buy (Global) category, procurement is done directly from the foreign Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). The decision taken will not impact deals already inked under the Buy (Global) route, those being pursued under the government-to-government route and the Foreign Military sales (FMS) route with the US.

Foreign OEMs are now welcome to tie up with Indian firms or set up their own factories to not only supply the Indian military but also for other countries.

The defence services were earlier asked to prepare a list of procurement plans from abroad that could be replaced by indigenous items. Accordingly, each service — Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard — had come forward with a list of such items.

The items in question

One mega deal in this list was the procurement of 14 twin-engine helicopters, for which French firm Airbus was the prime contender. A decision has been taken to shelve this project in favour of the naval utility helicopter (NUH) of the state-run Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). However, it was not immediately clear what happened to the $3 billion project of the Navy to procure 111 new helicopters of the same class (that is, NUHs).

The Army will now go in for indigenous ATVs that will come handy in both the desert and mountains.

A project to acquire short range missiles from abroad has also been shelved in favour of the Make in India route.

Push for Make in India

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh have been emphasising on indigenous defence products. These issues came up for discussion multiple times and the forces were also amenable to this, since alternate items were already available domestically and foreign companies were willing to set up facilities in the country.

Singh, in his talks with his Russian counterpart Sergei Shoigu, made it clear that the way forward was Make in India. Similarly, during his meeting with French Defence Minister Florence Parly, Singh had called on French firms to “either collaborate with Indian companies or simply produce in India”.

This initiative from the government comes at a time when the Centre is coming up with the new Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy which will lay down the way ahead for strengthening defence production within the country and help in their export to friendly foreign countries.

The initiative came after Prime Minister Modi took a review meeting with the Defence Ministry officials including the then Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat where it was felt that strong measures will have to be taken to ensure that country moves firmly towards Aatmanirbhar Bharat in the defence sector. After the meeting took place, an Additional Secretary-rank officer of the Defence Ministry wrote a note to the three Services saying that “All stakeholders may take an in-principle call that no import of defence items is going forward.”

The Prime Minister has been personally reviewing the progress of Make in India in the defence sector and has from time to time asked officials in both services and the Defence Ministry to ensure that more steps are taken to promote Make in India in defence.

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