Session 1: Inaugural Session

Maj Gen (Dr) Ashok Kumar, Director General CENJOWS, said that the deliverables are not fully visible in the Services as far as Surveillance & Electro Optics are concerned. Much more needs to be done. He further enumerated that the Surveillance & Electro Optics systems consist of one of the four components essential for warfighting and these are:

• Sensors -They are the eyes and ears that sense the situation in the air, land, and sea domain.
• Data and communication links through which sensor outputs are transmitted to the systems where it will be stored, analyzed, and acted upon.
• Command and Control Centre/ Data Fusion Centre, where the data will be processed and decisions are taken to respond.
• Shooter – is the final component which will react to the emerging situation.

The sensor is the most critical element of the loop, so surveillance using electro-optical sensors is the most important part of the chain. We need to investigate the spectrum and bandwidth the systems need to work upon efficiently. The systems must have the capacity to connect and work together with the three services, and the compatibility with the existing systems will improve their capabilities.

Lt Gen DS Rana, Director General Defence Intelligence Agency delivered the inaugural address stating that, electro-optical sensors harvest the capabilities of optics and electronics to analyze high-resolution visual images in real time. The current conflicts in Ukraine, the Red Sea situation, the South China Sea, the nuclear ambitions of Iran and firings by North Korea are driving the world into an unstable situation. In our neighbourhood, Pakistan is facing an economic crisis, and China, too, is increasing its footprints not only on land but at sea. The need for high-grade sensors onboard drones and space-based assets is proliferating. The role of commercial intelligence data by Maxar has helped Ukraine analyze the movement of Russian troops and counter the threat in time before the attack began. Ukraine has access to NATO-based intelligence, and Russia and Ukraine are continuously attacking the targets in depth using PNT. China has increased its space-based capabilities with EO imaging revisit of about fifteen minutes, two hours in SAR, near-continuous coverage of ELINT in the Indian region. It has ISR capabilities in geosynchronous orbit for round-the-clock coverage in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. China is developing a ground-based system in Pakistan that will enhance BeiDou accuracy to 15cm based on PNT to enhance its regional precision strike capabilities. The unmanned drones can conduct ISRs and are equipped with high-definition IR and SAR sensors. Pakistan is building up its capabilities for coverage of its land borders along Iran, India and Afghanistan using high-definition EO sensors fitted drones. HAPS are solar-powered drones that fly above 20 km for persistent capabilities for many months with a resolution of 15cm. Ground-based sensors can sense the movement of troops using acoustic sensors, and China has operationalized an EO grid along the Line of Actual Control for all weather coverage. The maritime role relies on various sensors, such as long-range patrol aircraft and acoustic sensors fitted on undersea autonomous vehicles. All these developments in the sensors onboard space, air and sea-based platforms have resulted in a paradigm shift in how intelligence is gathered. There is no shortage of data, and the use of data analytics and machine learning algorithms using AI will only help in analyzing the spatial data from a variety of sensors. The use of GIS for the fusion and visualization of spatial data is a growing field many intelligence agencies have adopted. The growth of MASINT (measurement and signature intelligence) is where data from multiple sensors capable of sensing data like electromagnetic, electro-optical, acoustic, and chemical composition are fused. Only the US and Israelis have this technology and our efforts to shore up this technology is the need of the hour. The next challenge is to fuse the data and generate the information using network nodes. These data can be shared in a secure grid to seamlessly counter emerging threats in various domains. He concluded by mentioning that the current global conflicts and geopolitical situations are driving the need for high-grade sensors onboard drones and space-based assets. Both China & Pakistan are developing space-based capabilities, including imaging and coverage in the Indian region. Further, the use of data analytics, machine learning algorithms, and GIS for spatial data fusion and visualization is becoming increasingly important. The growth of MASINT technology, which combines data from multiple sensors, is a priority for many intelligence agencies. The next challenge is to effectively fuse and share data to counter emerging threats.

The Keynote Address was delivered by Air Marshal Surat Singh, Director General Air Ops, Air HQ. He defined the emerging warfighting using the sensors in the following roles:

• Superior Battlefield transparency.
• Networking of all sensors.
• Shortening of OODA loop using automated data support loop.
• Swift response using agile weapons.

They are being done at the HQ level to enable the standardized operation of data formats, protocols, and interfaces. The aerospace domain requires the exploitation of space, air and surface-based sensors. The commercialization of space and dual-use technology must be used optimally. In addition, identifying threats in space, air surface and maritime has to be done almost on a real-time basis using private and public assets. The requirements for space-based solutions that the Air Force has met, are, Stratospheric and persistent platforms assets, Low-cost and fast deployable and expendable assets, Interface with the existing networks like the IACCS system. It enhances the space segment and sensors’ networking to provide sufficient early warning and intercept opportunities. He concluded by discussing the use of sensors in emerging warfighting strategies. These must be implemented for achieving superior battlefield transparency, shortening the OODA loop, integrating all sensors, through automated data support. The air and space domain requires the optimal use of space, air, and surface-based sensors, commercialization of space and dual-use technology. Real-time threat identification in various domains is crucial and can be achieved using both private and public assets. He concluded that the Air Force has successfully met the requirements for space-based solutions, including stratospheric and persistent platforms, low-cost and fast deployable assets, and interface with existing networks.

A Special Address was delivered by Dr BK Das, DG Electronics and Communication Systems (ECS), DRDO. He highlighted that DRDO was working on a comprehensive approach to monitoring warfare trends, both in the outer space and undersea domains. It will be a non-contact war with autonomous weapons with robotics and cyber playing an important role. The next engagement is characterized as zero physical touch, as it will involve use of autonomous weaponry, AI based robots and cyber warfare. Technology wars would require careful re-alignment between country’s tech capabilities, weapon manufacturing, and industrial infrastructure to sustain them. Prioritizing development and maintenance of technological edge is crucial to come out of reliance on the other countries. DRDO is deliberating various options for services, to include SAR and LIDAR technology, advanced radar technologies, and the concept of a “Digital Soldier as a System.” The Services will utilize AI-based electro-optic soldier, autonomous decision-making abilities, robotics capabilities, and its ability to network. Cognitive Warfare is using advanced technologies to disrupt or manipulate adversary’s cognitive processes, while first-person drones will be resistant to EI & RF Interference. He further spoke about how Quantum computing will be used for surveillance in multi-domain battlefields which will facilitate object detection and identification through data gathering, fusion, and analysis. In conclusion, he re-iterated that the DRDO is working towards a comprehensive approach to monitoring warfare, incorporating technologies like artificial intelligence, space warfare capabilities, nanotechnology, big data, and additive manufacturing.

Col K V Kuber, Director Defence & Aerospace, Ernst & Young gave the industry perspective. He said that interoperability was the key for a functional surveillance system with impunity. Indian industries must collaborate with global vendors to get competitive. To reduce Indian dependence on foreign countries, we have to pep up our industrial base and ecosystem. Investment in the indigenous industry is essential to reduce India’s reliance on resources of the other countries. Strategic partnerships are the key. AI will be applied in almost all domains for crucial inputs on data. Sensors in all domains will be used to boost situational awareness and manage information overload. He concluded by re-iterating that data is crucial for intuitive design and industry must develop advance technology in sensors globally. We must ensure that India should be fully prepared indigenously for potential confrontations and early use of weapon systems based on sensors in all domains.

Session 2: Terrestrial Surveillance

The session was chaired by Brig Anurag Asthana, Brig Ops, Artillery Directorate, Army HQ. He introduced the session by drawing inferences from present global scenarios and how countries are striving for military development. He referred to the 7 October 2023 attack launched by Hamas on Israel as an example of growing conventional and asymmetric warfare equipped with lethal weapons. Touching on the session theme ‘Terrestrial Surveillance’, he reiterated the significance of multi-sensors and how the Indian Army was continuously working to upgrade surveillance facilities. He said that future battlefields would be driven by miniaturized Unmanned Autonomous Systems (UAS) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), highlighting how AI was being used for reading huge data and had opened “new vistas.” He flagged the requirement of surveillance through deployment of sensors that would allow sufficient time to process data. Passive surveillance would remain beneficial than active surveillance and that the surveillance grid needs to have full proof communication systems.

Shri Madhukar DIG (Ops) Force HQ BSF covered the challenges being faced by the Border Security Force in managing the borders at night. His presentation showcased an overview of the responsibilities of the BSF, present facilities related to surveillance and future challenges that requires to be addressed. Stressing on the dynamic terrain and climate of the Indian subcontinent, the speaker elucidated on the peace time and wartime responsibilities undertaken by the BSF for each of the geographical commands. The Western Sector revolves around the increased use of UAVs, tunnelling across international borders, low visibility during winters, poorly lit areas and non- effectiveness of Surveillance equipment during winters. Similarly, the challenges in the Eastern Sector are specific to altitude and temperature. The BSF has incubated several responses that include Hot Interception Team, Naka cum Ambush, Foot patrolling, Anti-drone operations and even Boat Naka. He further highlighted several projects undertaken by the BSF and comprise of ‘Comprehensive Integrated Border Management Systems’ (CIBMS), ‘Electronic Surveillance of vulnerable patches’ (ESVP) and OCTS project. In the concluding remarks he reiterated continued collaborative measures between BSF with DRDO, IITs and agencies like NTRO for technical solutions with integrated security system at borders. Additionally, the introduction of smart fences will be a game changer with high tech surveillance devices such as sensors, ground-based radar systems, etc, to provide a holistic surveillance mechanism.

Col Sameer Babu, Colonel (C&R), Army AD Directorate, Army HQ, spoke on the Latest Developments in Tackling Threats and C&R for Air Defence, emphasized that Army AD was the largest user of radars amongst the three Services. He touched upon the threats emanating from various altitudes and speeds which call for a dynamic surveillance system in addition to the existing ones. He also highlighted the evolving air threat and the growing impact of air power with the need for an effective air defence capability for land operations. Advancements in radar technology was flagged. Development of passive radar technology will remain a game changer since it is highly cost-effective and compliments existing radar systems. Multiple Inputs, Multiple Output (MIMO) radar technology that has evolved from communications systems provides an edge by simultaneously radiating uncorrelated signals, improving coverage and signal quality. He also flagged the use of ‘Digital Beam’ technology that can be deployed to achieve higher angular resolution and wide coverage without mechanical moving parts. The usage of ‘Active Electronically Steered Array Radar’ and ‘Radar Digital Signal Processing’ were also discussed.

The session also saw participation by several industry players and start-ups who making strides in surveillance and electro-optics equipment.

Vaibhav Gupta, Director, MKU Ltd, spoke on Electro-Optics: Shaping Modern Warfare & Defense Strategies – Learnings, Lessons & Implication In 2024. He spoke on how electro-optics was shaping warfare and defence strategies by drawing lessons from contemporary conflicts, which revealed larger and recurring requirement of equipment and night vision devices, enhanced role of sensor-based technologies, and the need for efficient solutions which deliver “first salvo effectiveness.” This meant there was a need to be self sufficient in manufacturing and core technologies. He then presented MKU’s Smart Soldier Solutions (Netro Soldier Optronics and Kavro Soldier Protection) and Smart Platform Solutions (Netro Platform Optronics and Kavro Platform Protection).He also gave details of MKU’s facilities and reach of its products and clients around the world.

Ram Biron, Director of Marketing, SCD, Israel, spoke on Advanced integrated applications utilizing high definition format IR detectors. He gave details about SCD’s credentials, facilities, core technologies in infrared detectors and video engines. He explained SCD’s share of cooled 2nd-gen scanning and staring FPAs, InGaAs FPAs detectors and modules in the defence market. He covered key global trends in IR sensors which were driving SCD’s road map. His presentation included SCD’s cooled detectors and video engines (MW/LW), new-gen SWIR solutions, combined HD MWIR and 3rd-gen ALPD SWIR, and next-gen DAS for armoured fighting vehicles.

Sandeep Shah, Managing Director, Optimized Electrotech, spoke on Assisted & Automated Surveillance. He gave details about the company and progress, patents, certifications, and clients. He cited challenges in surveillance – border conflicts, undemarcated borders, infiltration, and specific geopolitical and geographical challenges in India. He gave details about Optimized Electrotech products – NoctVision, InfiVision, ClearVision, and OmniVision. He also gave details and benefits of Autonomous AI based multi-spectral surveillance platforms.

Abhinav Gupta, Managing Director, SES, spoke on Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries for Military Devices. He gave an overview of his company, products, present challenges in battery use, indigenous solutions, capabilities and in-house facilities. SES has worked for Indian and Israeli armed forces. SES solutions included smart chips and intelligent programming, intelligent electronics, advanced machining, novel materials and innovations.

Vinod Yadav, Head-Technical (Optronics & Computing Platforms), Tata Advanced Systems Ltd spoke on Products and Solutions in Electro-optics. He gave details about Tata Advanced Systems’ business verticals, product portfolio (Weapons, Sensors, C4I systems), and particularly the portfolio in electro-optics (cooled TI systems, uncooled TI systems, II-tube based NVDs). He gave details about short-range observation systems, long range observation systems (Rajak ULR), modular long range surveillance platforms, weapons sights, crew vision systems. He also spelt out TASL’s future technology focus areas.

Ramkrishna Siddam, General Manager, Optica spoke on Complete Solutions for Next-Generation Electro-Optical Systems. He overview of his company, capabilities, certifications, products, core expertise, testing facilities, and optics & electro-optical systems including Schlieren Systems, optics for TMT, Aerosol LIDAR, Cloud LIDAR, MIR LIDAR, FTIR System, Adoptive Optics BDOC System, Light Weight High Power Laser Mirror, IR panoramic camera and ongoing projects including Surya Tilak project for Ram Mandir at Ayodhya.

Session 3: Aerial In Space-based Surveillance

The session was chaired by AVM Rajiva Ranjan, ACAS Ops (Space), Air HQ. He said that military intelligence was the key to war. Space and air are the ultimate frontiers. In 1991, Space ISR became prominent. Aerial and SAR systems are very vital assets for military in multi-domain operations. Aerial SAR, integrated on aircraft, offers various advantage of fast deployment and flexibility, enabling real-time monitoring and target identification in various terrain and all domains. These systems provide crucial intelligence for mission planning, threat assessment, and battlefield situational awareness. On the other hand, SAR satellites provide persistent surveillance capabilities to monitor vast areas continuously for global coverage. They offer high-resolution capabilities that detect and track moving targets and assess changes in the environment. Both aerial and space-based SAR systems were integral components of military reconnaissance in providing invaluable support for operations, intelligence and decision-making processes in all domain.

Col Jasbir Mann, Col Aviation-10, Army Aviation Directorate spoke on UAV sensor payloads for persistent surveillance, and emphazied on the technologies for future warfare which could include three main types of technologies – Foundational, Strategic and Tactical. Examples included Artificial Intelligence, space technology and cyberwarfare. There is also a list of other advanced technologies like nanotechnology and robotics. He mentioning the need of all-weather aircraft and surveillance systems with capability of contemporary payload with high resolution.

Wg Cdr Aruna Singh, DIPAC, Def Space Agency spoke on Space-based ISR for early warning. Space Surveillance along with Military operations rely heavily on surveillance and reconnaissance, to perform strategic and tactical imaging over areas of interest with persistent surveillance. Geosynchronous satellites offer wider surveillance over wide areas particularly denied by other surveillance devices. The speaker highlighted the significance of gathering intelligence to effectively plan and carry out military operations, making well- informed decisions. She discussed the importance of adjusting military forces in response to shifts in an adversary’s order of battle (ORBAT) and making necessary revisions to future actions. Regarding EW satellites, she mentioned that they are designed to specifically detect ballistic missile launches. It was later incorporated into missile defence systems and regulatory control systems for nuclear tests as these satellites have the capability to detect a missile launch right from the start of its trajectory. They utilize infrared sensors to detect missile engines based on the intense heat emitted by their flames. They possess a distinct advantage over radar in their ability to scan a significantly larger area. As on date, three nations-USA, Russia, and China possess constellations of these early warning satellites. Lastly, she emphasized the advantages of the Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS). This system consists of a network of satellites in geosynchronous Earth orbit and payloads in highly elliptical orbit, all managed by ground processing and control systems. These systems are held by three countries only so far.

Air Cmde Hrushikesh J Page, Air Cmde Int (Ops), Air HQ spoke on Latest developments and requirements for Tactical Recce (EO, SAR, IR Search). Having a deep understanding of tactical reconnaissance is crucial for successful military operations. It allows for thorough analysis of the ever-changing dynamics of the battlefield, accurate identification and prioritization of targets, efficient management of information dissemination, and effective communication. It is of utmost importance in dangerous environments such as nuclear, biological, and chemical. The equipment needs to possess a high level of agility, resilience, efficiency, and seamless integration with systems. Utilizing cutting-edge technology, such as face and text recognition, is crucial for precise identification. Security and compatibility are of utmost importance. Having equipment such as ELINT, SAR, and IR is crucial.

Dr Manvendra Singh, Scientist G, IRDE, DRDO spoke on Intelligence Gathering with EO Sensors for Today’s Missions.

Session 4: Maritime Surveillance, Research & Development

The session was chaired by Cmde Ashish Bhargava, Cmde Air Warfare & Flight Safety, Naval HQ. He emphasized the importance of maritime surveillance in the Indian context owing to the long coastline. He said that maritime surveillance was an amalgamation of a lot of platforms with sensors with the inherent challenge of transporting the data due to absence of terrestrial network.

Comdt Banshidhar Singh, Joint Dir Communications, Indian Coast Guard spoke on Surveillance against Aerial, Surface and Underwater Threats. He highlighted the importance of surveillance in the maritime domain for ensuring an appropriate response to any developing situation relating to maritime safety and security. He defined the objectives of maritime surveillance to holistically understand, anticipate and administer all events and actions related to the maritime domain that could impact the maritime security. He said that it includes and relies on maritime law enforcement, maritime pollution and marine environment control, disaster response, search and rescue, anti-poaching, anti- smuggling, anti-human trafficking and safeguarding countries’ trade and economic interests. So, the prime objective is to detect any suspicious or anomalous target that could subvert the national interest in the maritime zones. He acknowledged the need to upgrade capabilities by keeping in tune with the advancements in technologies and put forth some recommendations for the ICG which include adaptation of existing magnetron-based radars to solid-state radars, daylight CCD thermal imager with laser illumination, electro-optic system to HD thermal camera, CCD with short wave infrared technology to see through haze, fog, glass, and better ranges, and inclusion of satellite AIS for better coverage.

Cdr K Varun, Cdr AW, Naval HQ spoke on Integrating Assets for Maritime Surveillance. He talked about complexity of maritime surveillance of the IOR because of the amount of maritime traffic that transits this region which is further exacerbated by the thousands of fishing boats and the requirement of keeping an eye on the three domains of surface, sub-surface and air by the Indian Navy. He also mentioned the government’s stance on India being the ‘First Responder & Preferred Security Partner’ and the role being played by the Indian Navy currently in the Gulf of Aden. He spotlighted the importance of Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) and its centrality to the information, decision and action cycle. He mentioned the various fixed & rotary wing and manned & unmanned platforms and the surveillance sensors in service with IN for building the MDA. He also covered the various surface and sub- surface platforms, sensors and weapons utilized by the IN towards the task. He threw some light on how all this data from the IN’s sensors and from other agencies including space is aggregated, correlated and disseminated by the Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC).

Maj Gen (Dr) Ashok Kumar, Director General CENJOWS gave the closing remarks, alluding to the rise of India as a leading economic power and the need for the defence forces to rise to the challenges towards which the three services are willing to state their needs in an open and upfront manner and there is much visible collaboration between the forces and the industry. He said that the defence forces are ready to hand-hold those who are willing to be partners in the growth of the defence forces and the nation.

Maj Gen Ravi Arora, Chief Editor, Indian Military Review, ended the seminar with a vote of thanks to the speakers, subject matter experts, sponsors, exhibitors, all attendees and CENJOWS for the success of the event.

The post EVENT REVIEW – Surveillance & Electro- optics India 2024 appeared first on IMR.

Night Vision & Electro-optics Webinar and Virtual Expo was organised by the Centre for Joint Warfare Studies (CENJOWS) and Indian Military Review on 16-19 Jan 2021.

Inaugural Session

Welcoming the delegates, Lt Gen Sunil Srivastava, Director, CENJOWS stated that the aim of the seminar was to bring together all the stakeholders in discussing and resolving issues pertaining to building night vision capability of the Armed Forces. The need of the hour, he said, was to reduce the OODA loop, increase battlefield transparency and use technology to stay ahead of the adversary. Night vision and optronic devices provide this key situational advantage to the soldier and can be used in all spectrum of ops which holds great advantages. Use technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), machine language (ML), Big Data, 5G and IOT and integration of these to work in autonomous mode and linkages with command and control centres needs to done in earnest, because whoever controls the night will win the battle. The user, private industry, DPSUs, academia should come together to create an environment which overcomes the procedural bottlenecks and ensure self sufficiency in this field which will also be aligned with the Atmanirbhar Bharat policy.

Keynote Address. Lt Gen HS Kahlon, Director General Capability Development, Army HQ highlighted the prevailing security environment, especially along our Northern Borders, the impact of the pandemic, the reality of a two-front war and the economic challenges in modernising the Army. He referred to the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict and the role of technology in future wars. Night Vision Devices (NVD) were critical for battlefield transparency and have played a critical role in Kargil war and counter-insurgency (CI) operations. The future needs of the forces in this critical area should be met by indigenous technology and the Industry should rise to the challenge. He said that the procurement procedure was being streamlined and a number of steps were being taken to reduce the delays and bottlenecks in procurement, which included priority to Indegenous Design Development & Manufacture (IDDM), trials through a central organisation like the Trials Wing, clear formulation of Staff Qualitative Requirements (SQR), greater interaction with industry, encouraging ideas and innovation through IDEX, etc. Aligned with the Atmanirbhar policy, the emphasis would be on procuring equipment through indigenous sources. He exhorted all the participants to interact and find vibrant solutions for developing NVDs in India.

Theme Address. Lt Gen Anil Kumar Samantara, Director General Infantry, Army HQ, said that the requirement of NVDs would be an important battle winning factor in times to come. The situation on our Northern borders had clearly shown that the need of the hour was to equip soldiers with reliable and technologically advanced equipment, which should be indigenous as the threat is real and present. The technologies should be futuristic and be robust enough to withstand the harsh and adverse weather conditions as seen in Ladakh. He emphasised the need to invest in technologies in the cooled and uncooled thermal imaging (TI) system, image intensifier (II) tubes and electro-optic (EO) systems of 3rd generation and beyond, Sights for weapons and ballistic computer sights were all planned to be procured. Surveillance capability in super high altitude areas (HAA) needed to be improved. The problem statements had been finalised and shared with the industry. All stakeholders should now work together to create innovative solutions with a proactive approach.

Industry Sponsor’s Presentation. Mr Ved Prakash, Head Optronics, Tata Advanced System gave the industry perspective and highlighted the strides made by the industry in developing indigenous NVD and EO devices. He gave an overview of the work being done by Tata Advanced Systems Ltd (TASL) in this field and the product range being developed. He highlighted the excellent infrastructure which had been created by the company for R&D and testing. These products were compatible with the JSS 5555 and MIL 810 standards and were best in class. In order to incentivise the Industry, he recommended that the NVD and EO equipment should be included in the new negative import list, all future procurements in this field should be categorised IDDM, vendors should be allowed to field one product per EMD so as to reduce the complexity of trials and the SQRs should be of the best and latest world standards.

Industry Perspective. Col KV Kuber, Director Defence and Aerospace, Ernst & Young gave a historical insight on the evolution of NVDs and EO devices and highlighted the need to increase fundamental research in this field. He also spoke about the technologies being used around the world and the need to shift to high resolution, multi-spectral domain. He stated that the defence public sector undertakings (DPSU) had the advantage of securing revenue procurements and they also participate in capital procurement cases while the presence of private industry in revenue procurements was negligible. This needs to change in order to encourage private industry. There is huge potential of growth in this field as these are required by CAPFs and state Govts also, thus we should synergise the R&D efforts so as to be totally self sufficient in NVDs and EO eqpt. The EY-IMR report on NVDs and Electro-optics was released at the end of the session.

Session 2 – Emerging Technologies

The session was chaired by Maj Gen KV Jauhar, Addl DG, Army Design Bureau. He gave an overview of the use of technology in modern wars and the far reaching impact of these on war fighting. He spoke about the need of aerial intelligence, surveillance & reconnaissance (ISR) resources for the Army and the new initiatives being undertaken in concert with the private industry, academia, Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and DPSUs in developing indigenous best-in-class products and capability. He highlighted the need to bring down the life cycle costs of acquisitions as budget constraints would always be an important consideration.

Mr Vaibhav Gupta, Director, MKU Ltd gave an overview of the company with special reference to their focus on R&D and producing world class products. He gave insight into the products being manufactured by the company especially NVDs, where the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology was being used for image processing thus giving excellent results.

Dr N Ranjana, Director DSTA, DRDO spoke of the importance of technology in ISR arena and the improvements taking place in sensors, materials, computation, integration, costs, etc. The use of quantum and nano technology along with AI, ML and incorporating cameras with panoramic vision & FPA technology would transform this field in the future. She highlighted that the Indian industry and R&D organisations have taken great strides in this field and should continue R&D to create the futuristic equipment indigenously.

MrAmbareesh Dixit from HGH group spoke about the growth and the products being developed by his company and gave a detailed talk on the test and measurement products being created for the NVDs and EO devices and how these could help in ensuring higher effectiveness of the devices even in field conditions.

Mr Ronen Sharashov, Director of Marketing, SCD spoke about the leadership position which the Israeli firm had acquired globally and the advanced technologies and IR products which were being developed by the firm for defence applications.

Mr Vinod Yadav from TASL gave an overview of Tata group and its global customer base. He highlighted the product portfolio of his company, the optronic infrastructure created and R&D being done by the company in NVDs and EO systems. He also spoke about the future trends in the field of multi spectral sensor fusion, higher FOM, Data fusion and use of AI/ ML for autonomous systems, etc.

Session 3 – NVD Requirements

This session was chaired by Maj Gen Sanjay Rihani, Addl DG Information Systems, Army HQ. He highlighted the importance of technology in winning modern wars, the 24×7 nature of warfare and increased transparency, lethality and mobility which will make the use of NVDs and EO systems imperative. He gave an overview of the roadmap for night enablement of the Indian Army and the steps being taken to meet the given timelines.

Col Amitoz Singh, Colonel Infantry-8, Directorate General of Infantry, Army HQ gave an insight into the requirements of NVDs and EO systems by the Infantry for soldiers, personal weapons and crew served weapons. He gave a detailed presentation on the status of various procurement cases and the future plans. He also covered the future of infantry soldiers in so far as equipment was concerned, which also included NVDs. He highlighted the need for producing robust and effective indigenous equipment by Indian companies.

GpCapt Manu Singh from the Air HQ outlined the IAF’s needs for NVDs and EO equipment. He covered operational dynamics and peculiarities in use of NVDs by the Air Force and also gave existing capabilities and challenges of NVDs held with IAF. He covered two problem statements pertaining to NVGs to be used for application of non-smart weapons and technical alternatives for NVGs for pilots. He emphasised the need to provide cost-effective Made in India solutions.

Capt (IN) Rajneesh Dalal, Capt (SR) Gun, Directorate of Staff Requirements, Naval HQ covered the requirements of the Indian Navy for NVDs and EO equipment in short, medium and long term periods. He highlighted the peculiarities of naval operations, the limitations of radars and the need to use EO devices to increase battlefield awareness, which was a critical aspect of the maritime operations keeping in mind the high degree of manoeuvre this environment possesses. He gave out the key naval requirements for the EO devices in the sub surface, surface and the aerial arenas of maritime operations.

Session 4 – Sub Conventional Operations

This session was chaired by Maj Gen (Dr) GD Bakshi, Editor of Indian Military review. He highlighted the importance of technology in winning modern wars and how the use of hand-held TI (HHTI) and the border fence in the early days of insurgency had reduced infiltration in Jammu & Kashmir. The use of EO devices would give great advantage to the soldiers in the Line of Control (LC), Line of Actual Control (LAC) environments due to the 24×7 nature of warfare and increased transparency.

Mr Sandeep Shah, Managing Director, Optimized Electrotech gave an overview of his company, highlighting the product portfolio. The company was producing world class products, which were rugged and usable in all weather and field conditions. He further highlighted that the company was aligned with the Atmanirbhar call and the products were completely being made in India.

Maj Gen Mandeep Singh, Addl DG Rashtriya Rifles spoke on operational scenario in CI operations and the propensity to carry out most operations in day time in order to overcome the limitation of visual feedback and the need to reduce collateral damage. He emphasised the importance of NVDs and EO devices in giving great advantage to the soldiers in night operations, which provided surprise element in the conduct of operations. However, the scaling and availability of these devices was limited, thus forcing very few night operations. He highlighted the changed paradigm and the need to scale these to each soldier and procure the latest equipment for assisting soldiers to adopt new tactics in the CI grid. He spoke about the future requirements of these devices for the Rashtriya Rifles and procurement timelines.

Mr KS Banyal, Inspector General Border Security Force (BSF) spoke on the challenges in border management at night operations and gave a brief introduction about the terrain along the international boundary (IB) with Pakistan and Bangladesh, where BSF was operating. He highlighted the precarious nature of border management operations, especially at night and the importance of using electro-optical devices to gain advantage over the adversary. He also spoke about the ineffectiveness of NVDs in foggy/ bad weather and the need to have all-weather systems. He also gave an overview of the steps being taken to make the borders secure with fencing, lighting and electronic means being increasingly co-opted in most areas.

Session 5 – Day-2 Inaugural Session

Lt Gen Sunil Srivastava, Director, CENJOWS welcomed all participants and flagged the important issues which had been highlighted a day earlier.

Inaugural Address. Lt Gen KS Brar, Director General Armoured Corps gave the inaugural address and highlighted the need for the user to understand technology so as to work with the innovators in creating effective solutions for the Services. He highlighted that the NVDs and EO systems were not standalone devices and need to be integrated with other systems for achieving effective results. There was, thus, a need for a systems integrator to co-opt all the systems and come up with solutions required by the users. He further stated that there is a need to synergise technology at the national, Tri-service and Service level. This would give great dividends and ensure cost effectiveness. He highlighted the need to upgrade equipment as all equipment could not be state-of-the-art, therefore, there was adequate scope in all arenas of technology development for the industry with some working in upgrading equipment while others created disruptive technologies.

Session 6 – Night Vision Devices For Platforms

This session was chaired by Air Vice Marshal PM Sinha, Asst Chief of Air Staff Operations (Offensive), Air HQ. He highlighted the importance of night fighting in the current environment and the need to create this capability in platforms, weapons and ISR to reduce the fog of war and prevent fratricide.

Col Vikas Magar from Army Aviation Corps gave a talk on Night Operations by Army Aviation helicopters and spoke about the existing capabilities of night operations by Army Aviation, the NVD equipment available worldwide and the requirements of Army Aviation in the future. He highlighted the need to procure light-weight, high-resolution devices using white phosphorous so as to reduce fatigue of the pilot while achieving better accuracy and clarity.

Col Gurpreet Singh, Colonel FRCV, Directorate General of Mechanised Forces, spoke about the Night Fighting Capability of Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs). He gave a historical background of the use of technology in AFVs, the necessity of night enablement, the current status of the Mechanised Forces in this field and the future requirements to overcome limitations in night fighting. He also spoke of the technologies which were desired, the platforms in which this technology was required as also the different types of NVDs being procured for AFVs, viz, commanders, gunners and drivers devices with their specific requirements. He deliberated on the question that whether technology should drive the tactics or it should be other way around.

Col Abhijit Singh, Colonel Artillery-9, Artillery Directorate Army HQ spoke about Surveillance and Target Acquisition by Night. He gave an overview of the importance of ISR in a battlefield, the requirement of NVDs and EO equipment for surveillance and target acquisition and the linkages between the sensors and shooters. He highlighted the need for greater interaction between the users and industry for ensuring speedy procurement.

Session 7 – Night Vision Devices For Platforms

This session was chaired by Lt Gen Anjan Mukherjee, former Consultant OFB & former Director General Artillery. He stated that night fighting capability was an amalgamation of a number of technologies such as EO, EM, fusion, short wave infrared (SWIR), integration with composites and light weight materials, AI, etc. The need of the hour was to produce indigenous equipment which was usable in field conditions and aligned with AtmaNirbhar policy. The aim should be to provide solutions for day-to-day problems of the user rather than showcasing technology.

Dr Sudhir Khare, Scientist G, IRDE, DRDO spoke on future trends and emerging technologies in IR imaging for defence applications. He gave a detailed presentation on the excellent work being carried out by IRDE in this field. He highlighted that most research and equipment provided to the Services, be it for AFVs or infantry or artillery had been conceived and developed at IRDE. He highlighted that research on advanced technologies was also being undertaken and also shared with the private industry. He spoke on the technology trends in this field, the gaps in our capabilities and the way ahead to overcome them.

Mr Abhijit Chakraborty spoke about the latest trends in NVDs in the Indian context. He explained the latest trends in the II tubes, the importance of using the right technology for the specific equipment and the suitability of green light to reduce fatigue as compared to white phosphorous.

Mr Sourabh Bhaskar, Works Manager, Ordnance Factory, Dehradun gave a detailed presentation on the yeoman work being carried out his Ordnance Factory in productionising, testing and maintenance of NVDs in India. He gave an insight into the design aspects and the challenges faced in manufacturing NVDs in India.

Closing Address

Lt Gen Sunil Srivastava, Director, CENJOWS, highlighted the advances which have taken place in the indigenous manufacture of NVDs and EO devices in India. He stated that the seminar had clearly brought out the increased capability of our industry in this field and it was reassuring for all stakeholders that the future appeared bright. He, however, flagged the need to synergise efforts and have jointness in QRs, protocols and systems. Future wars would involve distributed war fighting, autonomous decision making, all weather 24×7 operations, miniaturisation and use of high technologies like AI, ML at individual soldier level. We need to ensure that the systems created are aligned towards these futuristic requirements.

Vote of Thanks

Maj Gen Ravi Arora, Chief Editor, Indian Military Review thanks all sponsors, exhibiters, delegates, speakers and CENJOWS for their particopatuion and help in making the event successful.

Recommendations

•             Gaps in capabilities should be addressed in a synergised manner with participation of DRDO and private industry together.

•             Private vendors must be encouraged and certain amount of hand-holding was essential to find innovative solutions under ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’. One suggestion which emerged was to include all NVDs and EO equipment in the negative list for exports. There is need for infusion of investment and technology.

•             There was need of level playing field for all the manufacturers especially for private players in the revenue procurements where the DPSUs and Government agencies had a monopoly. Lack of proper specifications by the users and limitations of procurement from single vendor resulted in delays in procurement.

•             Formulation of QRs based on the latest technology will allow faster growth and also assist the forces in acquiring world class equipment. There was need to prioritize and plan procurement of NVDs of all the Services in concert.

•             The delays in procurement need to be addressed at all levels. The procedures should not dictate the pace of procurement by becoming all important. There is need to streamline formulation of QRs, conduct of trials and training of personnel. initiatives underway should be given traction.

•             Requirement of night vision capability by armed forces especially Infantry, Artillery and Armoured Corps was shared with the industry in detail. The Air Force and Navy highlighted their requirements especially for increased battled transparency and alternatives for NVG for pilots. It is for the industry to now come uo with solutions for these needs.

•             Use of technology to overcome limitations of weather especially fog was highlighted by all the users and industry was asked to come up with innovative solutions.

•             There has to be greater synergy between all the stake holders. User must understand technology so as to ask for the right equipment. This would also help in framing appropriate QRs. Use of IDEX and other initiatives to sponsor innovation needs to be encouraged.

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