The Ministry of Defence (MoD) revealed in Parliament, on 22 July, the names of eighteen major defence platforms that can no longer be imported. Instead, they will henceforth be indigenously designed and developed (D&D) by domestic industry.
“In continuous pursuit of achieving self-reliance in defence manufacturing under ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan’ and in sync with the announcement made in the Union Budget 2022-23 that allocated 25 per cent of the defence R&D budget for industry-led R&D, 18 major platforms have been identified and announced by the MoD for industry led D&D,” stated the MoD in a written response to a Parliamentary question.
Under Make-1 procedure of the Defence Acquisition Procedure of 2021, 14 items are listed as follows:
- Hypersonic glide vehicles
- Anti-jamming systems for varied platforms
- Directed Energy Weapons (>300 KW)
- Light-weight tank
- Self-healing minefields
- Unmanned autonomous AI-based land robot
- 127 mm naval gun
- 127 mm guided projectile
- Autonomous AI-based land robot
- Standoff air-borne jammer
- Lithium-ion/ Lithium-sulphur cells
- Communication systems: AFNET switches, routers, encryptors & VOIP phones
- Electro-optical pod with high-res sensing
- ‘Plug and Play’ housing/ infrastructure for soldiers posted at extreme altitudes
Under Make-2 procedure, only Anti-jamming systems for varied platforms is listed.
Under Special Purpose Vehicle, Long-range unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Indian multi-role helicopter (IMRH) are listed.
Under iDEX scheme, single item – Low-orbit pseudo-satellites – is listed.
Defence industry watchers point out that, starting from August 2020, the MoD has issued three lists of defence equipment, the import of which is embargoed. The August 2020 list incrementally bans the import of 101 items, with the embargo growing wider each year.
In June 2021, an additional list of 108 defence items was issued by the MoD, progressively banning their import. Invoking“Atmanirbhar Bharat” repeatedly, the second list – termed “Positive Indigenisation List” – took up to 209, the number of defence items that must be compulsorily procured from Indian companies, the number rising each year out to 2025.
On New Year’s Day, 2021, 69 items from the first list were embargoed for import. On January 01, 2022, another 60 items came under the ban. Another 25 will be embargoed for import at the end of 2022; 25 more at the end of 2023; another 21 at the end of 2024 and nine on the New Year of 2026.
It is unclear how this latest import embargo list dovetails with the previous two lists.
The defence industry is sceptical about whether these lists create any pressure to indigenise. The army is already procuring the K9 Vajra system that Larsen & Toubro (L&T) builds under a South Korean licence outside Pune, so banning the import of tracked guns is superfluous.
Meanwhile, the DRDO, along with private firms Kalyani Group and Tata Aerospace and Defence, is already developing towed artillery guns and Pinaka multi-barrelled rocket launchers. Similarly, the army’s entire requirement of tanks has long been built at Chennai and its infantry combat vehicles at Medak. Banning the import of platforms that are already being built in India serves little purpose.
Similarly, there is little purpose in embargoing the import of naval warships, when most of them are already being built in Indian shipyards. According to official navy figures, of 48 warships under construction, 46 are being built in India; only two frigates are being constructed in Russia.
Similarly, Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) is already building the majority of the air force’s fighter and trainer aircraft in India, with the recent exception of the Rafale. Banning the import of aircraft such as the Tejas Mark 1A and the Light Combat Helicopter serve little purpose, since these are indigenously designed and manufactured aircraft, as is the HTT-40 basic trainer aircraft.
“These 18 platforms (announced on 22 July) have been distributed between four indigenous routes prescribed in the Defence Acquisition Procedure-2020, namely, Make-I, Make-II, Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) and Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX),” said the MoD.
“These 18 platforms have been identified after extensive consultations between the services, DRDO and the defence industry,” said the MoD.
According to the Minister of State for Defence, “These major platforms… have been identified taking into consideration multiple factors like the capabilities of Indian industry, being cost effective, faster and scalable; current technological advancements; requirement of future warfare; operational challenges; need for import substitution etc.
