China has delivered a second Hangor-class submarine to Pakistan, part of an agreement for eight submarines aimed at enhancing Pakistan’s naval capabilities in the Indian Ocean region. This collaboration, rooted in a 2015 defense pact, reflects deepening military ties between the two countries, with the submarines featuring advanced air-independent propulsion systems and the ability to launch missiles like the Babur-3. The delivery underscores China’s role as Pakistan’s primary arms supplier, fulfilling 81% of its advanced military needs in recent years. As Pakistan aims to counterbalance India’s naval advancements, this partnership is poised to significantly impact regional dynamics, strengthening Pakistan’s maritime deterrence and enhancing its strategic position in the face of growing tensions.
